As one of Americaas most notorious prisons, Alcatraz has been a
significant part of Californiaas history for over 155 years. The
small, lonely rock, known in sea charts by its Spanish name aIsla
de los Alcatraces, a or aIsland of Pelicans, a lay essentially
dormant until the 1850s, when the military converted the island
into a fortress to protect the booming San Francisco region.
Alcatraz served as a pivotal military position until the early 20th
century and in 1934 was converted into a federal penitentiary to
house some of Americaas most incorrigible prisoners. The
penitentiary closed in 1963, and Alcatraz joined the National Park
Service system in 1972. Since then, it has remained a popular
attraction as part of the Golden Gate National Recreation Area.
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