When the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Anthropology, Human Heredity
and Eugenics opened its doors in 1927, it could rely on wide
political approval, ranging from the Social Democrats over the
Catholic Centre to the far rightwing of the party spectrum. In 1933
the institute and its founding director Eugen Fischer came under
pressure to adjust, which they were able to ward off through
Selbstgleichschaltung (auto-coordination). The Third Reich brought
about a mutual beneficial servicing of science and politics. With
their research into hereditary health and racial policies the
institutea (TM)s employees provided the Brownshirt rulers with
legitimating grounds. At international meetings they used their
scientific standing and authority to defend the abundance of forced
sterilizations performed in Nazi Germany. Their expertise was
instrumental in registering and selecting/eliminating Jews, Sinti
and Roma, a oeRhineland bastardsa, Erbkranke and FremdvAlkische. In
return, hereditary health and racial policies proved to be
beneficial for the institute, which beginning in 1942, directed by
Otmar Freiherr von Verschuer, performed a conceptual change from
the traditional study of races and eugenics into apparently modern
phenogenetics a" not least owing to the entgrenzte (unrestricted)
accessibility of people in concentration camps or POW camps, in the
ghetto, in homes and asylums. In 1943/44 Josef Mengele, a student
of Verschuer, supplied Dahlem with human blood samples and eye
pairs from Auschwitz, while vice versa seizing issues and methods
of the institute in his criminal researches. The volume at hand
traces the history of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for
Anthropology, Human Heredity andEugenics between democracy and
dictatorship. Special attention is turned to the transformation of
the research program, the institutea (TM)s integration into the
national and international science panorama, and its relationship
to the ruling power as well as its interconnection to the political
crimes of Nazi Germany.
(c) Wallstein Verlag, GAttingen 2003. 'Rassenforschung an
Kaiser-Wilhelm-Instituten vor und nach 1933'
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