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Race, State, and Armed Forces in Independence-Era Brazil - Bahia, 1790s-1840s (Paperback)
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Race, State, and Armed Forces in Independence-Era Brazil - Bahia, 1790s-1840s (Paperback)
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Focusing on the military institutions (army, militia, and National
Guard) of Bahia, Brazil, this book analyzes the region's transition
from Portuguese colony to province of the Brazilian Empire. It
examines the social, racial, and cultural dimensions of
post-independence state-building in one of the principal slave
plantation regions of the Americas. Contrary to those who stress
the autonomy of the Brazilian state, this book documents the close
connections between the locally-organized armed forces and society
in the late colonial period. Racially segregated and mirroring the
class hierarchies of the larger society, these military
institutions were profoundly transformed by the war for
independence in the early 1820s. In its aftermath, the new
Brazilian state gradually built a national army, breaking the local
orientation of the Bahian regulars by the 1840s. The National
Guard, locally-oriented and democratic in its 1831 organization,
was turned into a state-controlled corporation in the 1840s. These
developments deeply affected the lives of the men (and women)
involved in the armed forces, and a main aim of this book is to
examine their participation in the complex and convoluted process
of state-building. The liberalism used to justify independence and
the creation of an imperial state resonated among ordinary soldiers
and officers, as it provided an ideology and language with which to
challenge important features of late colonial military organization
such as racial segregation and corporal punishment. Racial
discrimination, formally eliminated in the 1830s, shaped racial
politics in the military, while the construction of a national army
undermined the previously close connections of officers and
soldiers to the mainstream of Bahian society.
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