The organization of an Advanced Research Workshop with the title
"Detection and Disposal of Liquid Explosives and Flammable Agents
in Connection with Terrorism" was motivated by international
findings about activities in this field of application. This ARW
followed a meeting about the "Detection of Disposal Improvised
Explosives" (St. Petersburg, 2005). Both items show the logistic
problems as one of the lessons, terrorists have to overcome. These
problems are connected with the illegal supply and transport of
explosives and fuels and as counter-measure the detection of these
materials. The invention of liquid explosives goes back to the
middle of the 19th century and was used for special purposes in the
commercial field of application. Because of the high sensitivity of
liquid explosives against mechanical shock, caused by adiabatic
compression of air-bobbles producing "hot spots" as origin of
initiation the commercial application was not very successful.
Because of this high risk, liquid explosives are not used in
military or commercial application with some exceptions. In the
commercial field explosives as slurries or emulsions consisting of
suitable salts (Ammoniumnitrate etc.) and water are used to a large
extend because of their high insensitivity. In many cases these
slurries or emulsions were unfit for terrorist actions, because of
their low sensitivity, large critical diameter and using in
confinement. In the military field liquid explosives are used in
World War I and II as bomb-fillings.
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