This report presents detailed information on age- and
gender-related differences in the anatomical and physiological
characteristics of reference individuals. These reference values
provide needed input to prospective dosimetry calculations for
radiation protection purposes for both workers and members of the
general public.
The purpose of this report is to consolidate and unify in one
publication, important new information on reference anatomical and
physiological values that has become available sincePublication 23
was published by the ICRP in 1975. There are two aspects of this
work. The first is to revise and extend the information in
Publication 23 as appropriate. The second is to provide additional
information on individual variation among grossly normal
individuals resulting from differences in age, gender, race, or
other factors.
This publication collects, unifies, and expands the updated ICRP
reference values for the purpose of providing a comprehensive and
consistent set of age- and gender-specific reference values for
anatomical and physiological features of the human body pertinent
to radiation dosimetry. The reference values given in this report
are based on: (a) anatomical and physiological information not
published before by the ICRP; (b) recent ICRP publications
containing reference value information; and (c) information in
Publication 23 that is still considered valid and appropriate for
radiation-protection purposes.
Moving from the past emphasis on 'Reference Man', the new report
presents a series of reference values for both male and female
subjects of six different ages: newborn, 1 year, 5 years, 10 years,
15 years, and adult. In selecting referencevalues, the Commission
has used data on Western Europeans and North Americans because
these populations have been well studied with respect to antomy,
body composition, and physiology. When appropriate, comparisons are
made between the chosen reference values and data from several
Asian populations.
The first section of the report provides summary tables of all the
anatomical and physiological parameters given as reference values
in this publication. These results give a comprehensive view of
reference values for an individual as influenced by age and gender.
The second section describes characteristics of dosimetric
importance for the embryo and fetus. Information is provided on the
development of the total body and the timing of appearance and
development of the various organ systems. Reference values are
provided on the mass of the total body and selected organs and
tissues, as well as a number of physiological parameters. The third
section deals with reference values of important anatomical and
physiological characteristics of reference individuals from birth
to adulthood. This section begins with details on the growth and
composition of the total body in males and females. It then
describes and quantifies anatomical and physiological
characteristics of various organ systems and changes in these
characteristics during growth, maturity, and pregnancy. Reference
values are specified for characteristics of dosimetric importance.
The final section gives a brief summary of the elemental
composition of individuals. Focusing on the elements of dosimetric
importance, information is presented on the body content of 13
elements: calcium, carbon, chloride, hydrogen, iodine, iron,
magnesium, nitrogen, oxygen, potassium, sodium, sulphur, and
phosphorus.
General
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