Caffeine in Food and Dietary Supplements is the summary of a
workshop convened by the Institute of Medicine in August 2013 to
review the available science on safe levels of caffeine consumption
in foods, beverages, and dietary supplements and to identify data
gaps. Scientists with expertise in food safety, nutrition,
pharmacology, psychology, toxicology, and related disciplines;
medical professionals with pediatric and adult patient experience
in cardiology, neurology, and psychiatry; public health
professionals; food industry representatives; regulatory experts;
and consumer advocates discussed the safety of caffeine in food and
dietary supplements, including, but not limited to, caffeinated
beverage products, and identified data gaps. Caffeine, a central
nervous stimulant, is arguably the most frequently ingested
pharmacologically active substance in the world. Occurring
naturally in more than 60 plants, including coffee beans, tea
leaves, cola nuts and cocoa pods, caffeine has been part of
innumerable cultures for centuries. But the caffeine-in-food
landscape is changing. There are an array of new
caffeine-containing energy products, from waffles to sunflower
seeds, jelly beans to syrup, even bottled water, entering the
marketplace. Years of scientific research have shown that moderate
consumption by healthy adults of products containing
naturally-occurring caffeine is not associated with adverse health
effects. The changing caffeine landscape raises concerns about
safety and whether any of these new products might be targeting
populations not normally associated with caffeine consumption,
namely children and adolescents, and whether caffeine poses a
greater health risk to those populations than it does for healthy
adults. This report delineates vulnerable populations who may be at
risk from caffeine exposure; describes caffeine exposure and risk
of cardiovascular and other health effects on vulnerable
populations, including additive effects with other ingredients and
effects related to pre-existing conditions; explores safe caffeine
exposure levels for general and vulnerable populations; and
identifies data gaps on caffeine stimulant effects. Table of
Contents Front Matter 1 Introduction 2 Intake and Exposure to
Caffeine 3 Safety Signals and Surveillance 4 Exploring Safe
Caffeine Exposure Levels for Vulnerable Populations 5 Caffeine
Effects on the Cardiovascular System 6 Caffeine Effects on the
Central Nervous System and Behavioral Effects Associated with
Caffeine Consumption 7 Other Compounds Impacting Caffeine Effects 8
Public Comments 9 Moving Forward: Filling the Data Gaps Appendix A:
Workshop Agenda Appendix B: Workshop Attendees Appendix C:
Biographical Sketches of Workshop Speakers and Moderators Appendix
D: Workshop Statement of Task
General
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