Hogarth’s Britons explores how the English painter and graphic
satirist William Hogarth (1697–1764) set out to define British
nationhood and identity at a time of division at home and conflict
abroad. With notions of community cohesion, good citizenship and
patriotism, wrapped up in a unifying idea of British national
character and spirit in all its variety, and set alongside the
ongoing national debate on Britain’s past, present and future
within European and World affairs, Hogarth and his art has never
been more relevant. In the summer of 1745, Prince Charles Edward
Stuart ‘Bonnie Prince Charlie’ landed with his supporters, the
‘Jacobites’, in a remote corner of Scotland. This signalled the
start of his audacious military campaign, with the backing of
Britain’s global adversary France and during a Europe-wide war,
to topple the Hanoverian, Protestant monarch George II and restore
the Catholic Stuarts, exiled in France and then Rome since 1688, to
the throne. The country descended into turmoil, with regional,
local and family loyalty for these rival royal dynasties severely
tested, and opposing visions for the new nation of Great Britain
– since the Union of England and Scotland in 1707 – laid bare.
By early December the prince and his 6,000 troops arrived in Derby,
just 120 miles and five days’ march from London. For both sides
everything was at stake. From the 1720s, through the crises of the
early 1740s, to the civil war called the 1745 Jacobite Rebellion or
Rising, Prince Charles’s defeat at Culloden in April 1746 and
beyond, Hogarth created some of the most iconic images in British
and European art, including Marriage A-La-Mode, O the Roast Beef of
Old England (The Gate of Calais) and The March of the Guards to
Finchley. Through such vibrant scenes, rich in topical commentary,
he conveyed a sense of external threat (real and imagined) from
foreign powers and internal political, social and cultural
upheaval. At the same time he offered his fellow Britons a
confident, reassuring idea of the rights and liberties they enjoyed
under King George and his government: a flawed status quo, as
Hogarth would readily admit, yet certainly better, he would argue,
than the regime that would replace it under the ‘popish’
Stuarts as client monarchs of the self-serving French king, Louis
XV. With British society and politics in flux, and the Union
between Scotland and England arguably more vulnerable now than at
any moment since 1746, the themes explored in Hogarth’s Britons
have profound resonance with our own time.
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