James B. Given analyzes the inquisition in one French region in
order to develop a sociology of medieval politics. Established in
the early thirteenth century to combat widespread popular heresy,
inquisitorial tribunals identified, prosecuted, and punished
heretics and their supporters. The inquisition in Languedoc was the
best documented of these tribunals because the inquisitors
aggressively used the developing techniques of writing and record
keeping to build cases and extract confessions.
Using a Marxist and Foucauldian approach, Given focuses on three
inquiries: what techniques of investigation, interrogation, and
punishment the inquisitors worked out in the course of their
struggle against heresy; how the people of Languedoc responded to
the activities of the inquisitors; and what aspects of social
organization in Languedoc either facilitated or constrained the
work of the inquisitors. Punishments not only inflicted suffering
and humiliation on those condemned, he argues, but also served as
theatrical instruction for the rest of society about the terrible
price of transgression. Through a careful pursuit of these
inquires, Given elucidates medieval society's contribution to the
modern apparatus of power.
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