The restiveness among some members of the North Atlantic Treaty
Organization as to its structure and functions was an indication
not of the failure of NATO, but of a need for a new adjustment to
the changes that had developed in world conditions since the
organization was established. Such was the consensus underlying the
comments of five eminent statesmen and political theorists in a
series of lectures delivered at the University of Texas in the
spring of 1966 on the general theme of "The United States and the
Atlantic Community: Issues and Prospects." The grave crisis of
confidence in the Atlantic Community resulted, ironically, from the
success of NATO in combining the resources of thirteen European
states with those of Canada and the United States in a common
achievement of peace, economic stability, and security in the face
of the postwar threat from the Soviet Union. Now that these
objectives are obtained, one argument ran, NATO is no longer
needed. The Soviet threat still exists, went another, and seems to
be dispelled only because of the presence of NATO; what is needed
is revision of policies and functions of the organization to fit
new conditions. The changes in the nature of international
relations in the two decades after World War II were of two kinds:
those inherent in the world international situation-the economic
recovery of Europe (which brought new urgency to the desire for
more independence from the United States), the disintegration of
European colonial empires, the softened aspect of the Soviet
threat, and the great advances in modern technology; and those that
depended upon policy decisions-whether Europe should be a
confederacy (as advocated by De Gaulle) or a federal union (as
advocated by Jean Monnet) and what should be the international
policy of a united Europe on such issues as a third force between
the United States and Russia, unified or separate approaches to the
East and the West, German unity, and military security. A
consideration of what these changes implied for the United States
was the purpose of the series of papers collected in this volume.
The names of the authors and the titles of their papers indicate
the variety of views and interests expressed and the scope of the
discussion:Henry A. Kissinger, Professor of Government at Harvard,
"NATO: Evolution or Decline"Andre Philip, Professor of Economics at
the Sorbonne, "The Atlantic Economy: Partners and Rivals"Hans
Speier, member of the RAND Corporation Council, "Germany: The
Continuing Challenge"Fritz Erler, a leader of the German Social
Democratic Party, "Western Europe, Eastern Europe, and the Soviet
Union"John J. Mccloy, former World Bank president and former U.S.
military governor and high commissioner for Germany, "American
Interests and Europe's Future."
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