Jan Bazant has woven into a coherent whole the chaotic series of
political and social upheavals that characterised Mexican history
from the start of the struggle for independence through the
completion of basic social reforms in 1940. The colonial reaction
to the forced loans exacted by the Spanish government in 1805 to
finance its war against Great Britain was, in Professor Bazant's
view, the starting point of the Mexican independence movement. She
argues that a new phase of Mexican history began when the liberals
abolished the power and wealth of the Catholic Church. Mexico's
rapid economic growth in the last quarter of the nineteenth century
was largely the result of the stable political climate created by
the dictatorship of Porfirio Diaz. Under Diaz however, most rural
areas remained backward and it was precisely the contradiction
between the urban, industrial economy and the traditional structure
of the countryside that led to the Mexican civil war between 1910
and 1920. The agrarian reform finally transformed the rigid social
system and created Mexico as we see it today.
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