With the world and its structures becoming ever more complex,
and the nature of future employment becoming ever more
unpredictable, the notion of 'cognitive flexibility' has a high
profile in educational and psychological debate. The contributions
in this volume analyze the nature of cognitive flexibility, as well
as the impact of different types of beliefs on cognitive
flexibility.
Making adequate decisions requires considering input from a
variety of continuously evolving sources rather than adhering to
predetermined procedures. Adopting a position in a debate
necessitates the critical evaluation of different alternatives,
while solving a problem entails selecting appropriate
problem-solving strategies. Meanwhile, studying requires students
to integrate a range of interventions, and treating a patient
involves making a differential diagnosis. The common factor,
cognitive flexibility, lies at the core of effective functioning in
complex, domain-specific environments.
Cognitive flexibility can be described as the disposition to
consider diverse information elements while deciding on how to
solve a problem or to execute a learning-related task in a variety
of domains. The concept of 'disposition' implies that individuals
will not always demonstrate cognitive flexibility even if they are
in principle able to act in a cognitively flexible way. The notion
does not require that alternatives are always deliberately
considered, which is why this volume's tandem discussion of beliefs
is key element of the discussion. Beliefs play a central role in
cognitive flexibility and relate to what individuals consider to be
important, valid and/or true. Of specific interest is the
relationship between epistemological beliefs and cognitive
flexibility, especially as a particular subset of epistemological
beliefs seems to be a prerequisite to a cognitively flexible
disposition."
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