Efforts at coordination between nations are at the heart of the
challenges of globalization. Despite steadily growing
interdependencies, individual nations still have specific interests
that present obstacles to globalization. While some challenges
inspired by the need to coordinate are viewed as inevitable by
many, they are less optimistic about prospects for success.
Jan-Erik Lane argues that one should focus objectively upon the
possibility of failures.
Lane analyzes four kinds of challenges to interdependency, all
of which are growing in geopolitical relevance. First, countries
need to diminish their dependency on fossil fuel and shift to a
reliable supply of energy, because fossil fuels are diminishing.
Second, environmental degradation must be addressed, because it is
accelerating under the strain of earth's population. Lane advocates
an ecological footprint approach. Third, a single global market
economy and its complexities must be addressed, as national
economies are increasingly opened. Finally, as traditional state
sovereignty weakens, foreign military intervention in both
international and intra-state conflicts increases.
Governments are attempting to address these interdependencies,
or reply to the challenges they pose, mainly through international
organizations and regionalism. These efforts are discussed at
length. In addition, problems with international law are reviewed,
as Lane warns against the utopian hopes of global
constitutionalism. Globalization also examines the potential
consequences of failing to address the need for coordination in
efforts to address shared global challenges.
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