This thesis presents the first experimental calibration of the
top-quark Monte-Carlo mass. It also provides the top-quark
mass-independent and most precise top-quark pair production
cross-section measurement to date. The most precise measurements of
the top-quark mass obtain the top-quark mass parameter (Monte-Carlo
mass) used in simulations, which are partially based on heuristic
models. Its interpretation in terms of mass parameters used in
theoretical calculations, e.g. a running or a pole mass, has been a
long-standing open problem with far-reaching implications beyond
particle physics, even affecting conclusions on the stability of
the vacuum state of our universe. In this thesis, this problem is
solved experimentally in three steps using data obtained with the
compact muon solenoid (CMS) detector. The most precise top-quark
pair production cross-section measurements to date are performed.
The Monte-Carlo mass is determined and a new method for extracting
the top-quark mass from theoretical calculations is presented.
Lastly, the top-quark production cross-sections are obtained - for
the first time - without residual dependence on the top-quark mass,
are interpreted using theoretical calculations to determine the
top-quark running- and pole mass with unprecedented precision, and
are fully consistently compared with the simultaneously obtained
top-quark Monte-Carlo mass.
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