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The Day the Great War Ended, 24 July 1923 - The Civilianization of War (Hardcover)
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The Day the Great War Ended, 24 July 1923 - The Civilianization of War (Hardcover)
Series: The Greater War
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On 24 July 1923 the last Treaty ending hostilities in the Great War
was signed at Lausanne in Switzerland. That Treaty closed a decade
of violence. Jay Winter tells the story of what happened on that
day. On the shores of Lake Geneva, diplomats, statesmen, and
soldiers came from Ankara and Athens, from London, Paris, and Rome,
and from other capital cities to affirm that war was over. The
Treaty they signed fixed the boundaries of present-day Greece and
Turkey, and marked a beginning of a new phase in their history.
That was its major achievement, but it came at a high price. The
Treaty contained within it a Compulsory Population Exchange
agreement. By that measure, Greek-Orthodox citizens of Turkey, with
the exception of those living in Constantinople, lost the right of
citizenship and residence in that state. So did Muslim citizens of
Greece, except for residents of Western Thrace. This exchange of
nearly two million people, introduced to the peace conference by
Nobel Prize winner and humanitarian Fridtjof Nansen, provided a
solution to the immense refugee problem arising out of the
Greek-Turkish war. At the same time, it introduced into
international law a definition of citizenship defined not by
language or history or ethnicity, but solely by religion. This set
a precedent for ethnic cleansing followed time and again later in
the century and beyond. The second price of peace was the burial of
commitments to the Armenian people that they would have a homeland
in the lands from which they had been expelled, tortured and
murdered in the genocide of 1915. This book tells the story of the
peace conference, and its outcome. It shows how peace came before
justice, and how it set in motion forces leading to the global war
that followed in 1939.
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