While liberal advocates of multiculturalism frequently call for
tolerance of those with diverse views, this tolerance is often not
extended to members of religious groups. This lack is perhaps not
surprising, since the liberal ideals of autonomy, equality, and
inclusiveness are the very ones that many religious
groups--particularly the more conservative ones--reject. Yet, as
Jeff Spinner-Halev argues in "Surviving Diversity," any theory of
multiculturalism that fails to take religious groups into account
is incomplete.
Spinner-Halev proposes three principles on which accommodation
of exclusive religious groups should be based. First, they must
provide their children with a basic education and allow adults to
leave the community if they wish. Second, with some exceptions they
should be welcomed to participate in the public sphere, since such
participation often bolsters citizenship. Third, they should be
free to exclude others from their institutions, except when doing
so substantially harms the citizenship of others. While not
condoning such extremist groups as the Branch Davidians or the
Christian Identity movement, Spinner-Halev stresses that most
religious conservatives have chosen to live a life that, in a
permissive Western democracy, requires considerable restraint and
thought. He concludes by demonstrating how the ideals of
multiculturalism can be extended to such citizens, creating a
society tolerant of even greater diversity.
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