Silicon (Si) plays a significant role in the resistance of plants
to multiple stresses including biotic and abiotic stresses. Silicon
is also the only element that does not damage plants when
accumulated in excess. However, the contribution of Si to plant
growth has been largely ignored due to its universal existence in
the earth's crust. From numerous intensive studies on Si, initiated
in Japan about 80 years ago, Japanese scientists realized that Si
was important for the healthy growth of rice and for stability of
rice production. In a worldwide first, silicon was recognized as a
valuable fertilizer in Japan. The beneficial effects of Si on rice
growth in particular, are largely attributable to the
characteristics of a silica gel that is accumulated on the
epidermal tissues in rice. These effects are expressed most clearly
under high-density cultivation systems with heavy applications of
nitrogen. Si is therefore recognized now as an ''agronomically
essential element'' in Japan.
Recently, Si has become globally important because it generates
resistance in many plants to diseases and pests, and may contribute
to reduced rates of application of pesticides and fungicides.
Silicon is also now considered as an environment-friendly element.
The achievements of Si research in Japan are introduced in this
book, in relation to soils, fertilizers and plant nutrition.
General
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