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Handbook of Gender Research in Psychology - Volume 2: Gender Research in Social and Applied Psychology (Paperback, Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 2010)
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Handbook of Gender Research in Psychology - Volume 2: Gender Research in Social and Applied Psychology (Paperback, Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 2010)
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Donald R. McCreary and Joan C. Chrisler The Development of Gender
Studies in Psychology Studies of sex differences are as old as the
?eld of psychology, and they have been conducted in every sub?eld
of the discipline. There are probably many reasons for the
popularity of these studies, but three reasons seem to be most
prominent. First, social psychological studies of person perception
show that sex is especially salient in social groups. It is the
?rst thing people notice about others, and it is one of the things
we remember best (Fiske, Haslam, & Fiske, 1991; Stangor, Lynch,
Duan, & Glass, 1992). For example, people may not remember who
uttered a witty remark, but they are likely to remember whether the
quip came from a woman or a man. Second, many people hold ?rm
beliefs that aspects of physiology suit men and women for
particular social roles. Men's greater upper body strength makes
them better candidates for manual labor, and their greater height
gives the impression that they would make good leaders (i. e. ,
people we look up to). Women's reproductive capacity and the
caretaking tasks (e. g. , breastfeeding, baby minding) that
accompany it make them seem suitable for other roles that require
gentleness and nurturance. Third, the logic that underlies
hypothesis testing in the sciences is focused on difference.
Researchers design their studies with the hope that they can reject
the null hypothesis that experimental groups do not differ.
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