Risk assessment is a highly important activity of numerous
governmental health and regulatory bodies. It is on the accuracy of
quantitative and qualitative measurement that the decisions of
government policymakers depend. Those decisions, of course, are
intended to manage risks. That management frequently involves
regulations over a wide range of individual and environmental
exposures. Bailar and his colleagues examine the methodological
challenges faced by federal agencies involved in risk assessment
and the sometimes controversial implications and consequences of
methodological considerations. The authors query how, given a
choice of methods, one is chosen; the role that method-related
issues and problems may have in the acceptance of risk assessment
findings; and what impact the controversies regarding methods have
on the role of risk assessment in overall risk management.
Ten hazards, as assessed by a range of federal agencies with a
variety of assessment methods, give topicality and specificity to
the analysis. Among the risks addressed are ethylene dibromide,
formaldehyde, passive smoking, and the use of mammography for
breast cancer screening. The authors conclude with a setting of
priorities for risk assessment because risks to human health
clearly outstrip resources available for accurate assessment.
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