"An Old Creed for the New South: " "Proslavery Ideology and
Historiography, 1865-1918" details the slavery debate from the
Civil War through World War I. Award-winning historian John David
Smith argues that African American slavery remained a salient
metaphor for how Americans interpreted contemporary race relations
decades after the Civil War. Smith draws extensively on postwar
articles, books, diaries, manuscripts, newspapers, and speeches to
counter the belief that debates over slavery ended with
emancipation. After the Civil War, Americans in both the North and
the South continued to debate slavery's merits as a labor, legal,
and educational system and as a mode of racial control. The study
details how white Southerners continued to tout slavery as
beneficial for both races long after Confederate defeat. During
Reconstruction and after Redemption, Southerners continued to
refine proslavery ideas while subjecting blacks to new legal,
extralegal, and social controls. "An Old Creed for the New South"
links pre- and post-Civil War racial thought, showing historical
continuity, and treats the Black Codes and the Jim Crow laws in new
ways, connecting these important racial and legal themes to
intellectual and social history. Although many blacks and some
whites denounced slavery as the source of the contemporary "Negro
problem," most whites, including late nineteenth-century
historians, championed a "new" proslavery argument. The study also
traces how historian Ulrich B. Phillips and Progressive Era
scholars looked at slavery as a golden age of American race
relations and shows how a broad range of African Americans,
including Booker T. Washington and W. E. B. Du Bois, responded to
theproslavery argument. Such ideas, Smith posits, provided a
powerful racial creed for the New South.This examination of black
slavery in the American public mind--which includes the arguments
of former slaves, slaveholders, Freedmen's Bureau agents,
novelists, and essayists--demonstrates that proslavery ideology
dominated racial thought among white southerners, and most white
northerners, in the five decades following the Civil War.
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