"Brief narratives," or medieval precursors to the modern short
story, are compositions couched in the form of a tale of reasonable
short length. They began with writings in Latin and, eventually,
made their way into the vernacular languages of Europe. They
include the fable, the apologue, the exemplum, the saint's life,
the miracle, the biography, the adventure tale, the romance, the
jest, and the anecdote, among others. In Spain, the oldest extant
brief narratives in written form are in verse and date from the
late twelfth and early thirteenth centuries. The earliest examples
include La vida de Santa Maria Egipciaca and El libre dels tres
reys d'Orient. Both are concise enough to be read in one sitting
and were probably read before or after meals as entertainment.
In Pious Brief Narrative in Medieval Castilian and Galician
Verse, John E. Keller studies the structure of the pious brief
narrative, including such works at the Cantigas de Santa Maria of
Alfonso X and Gonzalo de Berceo's Milagros de Nuestra Senora, among
others. He examines which narrative techniques were employed by
their authors, including versification, music, and the pictorial
arts as aids to narration. Using nine basic elements -- plot,
setting, conflict, characterization, theme, style, effect, point of
view, and mood or tone -- Keller shows how writers in medieval
Spain employed more sophisticated uses of these techniques than has
previously been recognized.
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