Astronomer and philosopher J. F. W. Herschel's A Preliminary
Discourse on the Study of Natural Philosophy, originally published
in 1830, can be regarded as the first modern work on the philosophy
of science. In this book, Herschel carefully sets out what he
regards as the principles and methods of scientific investigation,
both at a theoretical level and at the level of experiment or
observation. He describes nature as being governed by laws which
are difficult to discern by mere observation and so deduces that
theoretical science requires analogical reasoning. In the
Discourses, written as the first in a series called Cabinet
Cyclopaedia, he covers a wide range of methodological, scientific
and philosophical subjects that include discussions of contemporary
astronomy, atomism and chemistry. His writing on light is heavily
influenced by Newton. Herschel also ponders the differences between
human beings and animals and the relationship between religious
faith and scientific enquiry.
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