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Necessity for the Destruction of the Abbey of Monte Cassino (Paperback)
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Necessity for the Destruction of the Abbey of Monte Cassino (Paperback)
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The Abbey of Monte Cassino, founded by Saint Benedict in A.D. 529,
at the beginning of the Italian campaign was one of only two sites
requiring special consideration in the interest of historical
preservation. The monastery overlooked the only north-south road
from Naples to Rome. The promontory, studied by the Italian War
College as an example of a position made impregnable by nature, was
the focal point of the German Gustav Line. The German defensive
scheme did not include the monastery but did establish positions
within 300 meters of its outer walls. After the lackluster landing
at Anzio, the Fifth Army was obligated to conduct a winter campaign
to break through the Gustav Line and relieve Anzio. In a sinister
scape of bush and rock, soldiers endured immeasurable hardships
while the monastery stood immune to the scars of war. On 15
February 1944, 253 tons of explosives were dropped on the Abbey of
Monte Cassino as hundreds of refugees and wounded assembled in the
chapel for morning services. The German paratroopers survived the
onslaught of Allied airpower without a casualty and occupied the
ruins that would serve as a strongpoint for the next four months.
The perceived necessity for the bombing was nested in leadership
interpretation of military necessity, psychological impact, and
political considerations. Because the bombing was not coordinated
with the ground assault, it was tactically irrelevant and failed to
meet the requirements of military necessity. Decisions made to
bolster friendly morale and to avoid political conflict are not
intended for the defeat of the enemy and also fail to meet the
requirements of necessity. The bombing was a careless act resulting
in the needless death of civilians, destruction of a sacred
building, and a waste of valuable military resources.
General
Imprint: |
Biblioscholar
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Country of origin: |
United States |
Release date: |
August 2012 |
First published: |
August 2012 |
Authors: |
John G. Clement
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Dimensions: |
246 x 189 x 5mm (L x W x T) |
Format: |
Paperback - Trade
|
Pages: |
92 |
ISBN-13: |
978-1-249-28327-0 |
Categories: |
Books >
Social sciences >
Education >
General
|
LSN: |
1-249-28327-2 |
Barcode: |
9781249283270 |
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