The Bicentennial of the United States in 1976 gave rise to myriad
projects. In New Mexico-still a borderlands possession of Spain in
1776-an unusually keen Franciscan observer, Fray Francisco Atanasio
Dominguez, painted an extraordinarily detailed and often
unflattering word picture of the colony. "The Missions of New
Mexico, 1776," impeccably translated and edited by distinguished
historians Eleanor B. Adams and Fray Angelico Chavez, is a single
source like no other that reveals life in raw and remote,
late-eighteenth-century New Mexico. Dispatched from Mexico City as
canonical inspector of the missions of New Mexico, the meticulous
Father Dominguez stepped off the measurements of the churches,
counted the number of ceiling beams, and described the physical
layout and contents of the missions, all to the delight of
subsequent architectural and art historians. Given such detailed
descriptions of the missions' fabric in 1776, a simple question
arose. What has become of these mud-and-stone-built structures in
the past two hundred years? Historian John L. Kessell's "The
Missions of New Mexico Since 1776" addresses that question. "Two
hundred years after Dominguez," Kessell concludes, "the survival
count is nothing to brag about. Of the thirty-two churches or
chapels he recorded in 1776, twelve persist on more or less the
same foundations in more or less the same form-San Miguel in Santa
Fe, Santa Cruz de la Canada, Picuris, Las Trampas, Tome, Cochiti,
San Felipe, Santa Ana, Zia, Laguna, Acoma, and Isleta." And none of
these has fallen since 1980. Most, in fact, are being lovingly
cared for. Played out differently at each location, all of
Dominguez's churches underwent the same progression. First came
neglect as Spain's American empire crumbled and Mexico tried to
rule. Next Anglos peddling modernization offered tin roofs for dirt
or, better still, new structures for old. By then, however,
nostalgic folks had begun experiencing the charm of the outdated,
and the Pueblo-Mission style of architecture was born.
Simultaneously, just in time toward the end of the nineteenth
century, dawned the continuing era of historic preservation. New
Mexico's surviving missions had become monuments. The new editions
of "Missions" and "Missions Since" from Sunstone Press make readily
available these two complementary fixtures of New Mexico cultural
studies. Born in New Jersey and raised in California, JOHN L.
KESSELL did not set out to be a professional historian. His work in
the 1960s, however, at Tumacacori National Monument, site of a
Spanish colonial mission, alerted him to the possibility. Returning
to graduate school with new purpose, he earned his doctorate at the
University of New Mexico, survived a precarious decade as
historian-for-hire, and joined the UNM Department of History. His
major historical editing project with colleagues Rick Hendricks,
Meredith D. Dodge, and Larry D. Miller resulted in the six-volume
Journals of don Diego de Vargas, New Mexico, 1691-1704. Kessell is
also author of "Kiva, Cross and Crown: The Pecos Indians and New
Mexico, 1540-1840," "Pueblos, Spaniards, and the Kingdom of New
Mexico," and "East Orange by Christmas," the latter also from
Sunstone Press."
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