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Books > History > World history > 1750 to 1900
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Liberty and Locality - Parliament, Permissive Legislation, and Ratepayers' Democracies in the Nineteenth Century (Hardcover)
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Liberty and Locality - Parliament, Permissive Legislation, and Ratepayers' Democracies in the Nineteenth Century (Hardcover)
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This is a study of local government and permissive legislation in
nineteenth-century Britain. It argues that permissive legislation
facilitated local initiative and debate, and that local initiatives
were often more effective than national legislation. In the
eighteenth century, every locality which wished to improve or
police its streets had to obtain its own private Act of Parliament.
By the nineteenth century, when the construction of a habitable
urban environment had become a matter of urgency, Parliament had
recourse to `permissive' or `adoptive' legislation, which the
localities were free to adopt, or not, as they chose. Parliament
facilitated, but did not require, local action, and so long as
initiative and responsibility remained in local hands, relations
between central and local government were relaxed. In the 1850s and
1860s, the House of Commons conceived itself to be an imperial
parliament, not a vestry, and Local Boards thought of themselves as
parliaments in miniature. Thereafter Parliament's preference for a
permissive system gradually yielded to a concern with equality of
provision. Twentieth-century historians have largely written from
the point of view of the centralizers and the permanent officials
in the Department of State. Liberty and Locality puts the emphasis
back upon Parliament, where the decisions were taken, and the
localities themselves, where their consequences were felt.
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