A master historian traces the flourishing of organized religion in
Manhattan between the 1880s and the 1960s, revealing how faith
adapted and thrived in the supposed capital of American secularism.
In Gilded Age Manhattan, Catholic, Jewish, and Protestant leaders
agonized over the fate of traditional religious practice amid
chaotic and multiplying pluralism. Massive immigration, the
anonymity of urban life, and modernity’s rationalism,
bureaucratization, and professionalization seemingly eviscerated
the sense of religious community. Yet fears of religion’s demise
were dramatically overblown. Jon Butler finds a spiritual hothouse
in the supposed capital of American secularism. By the 1950s
Manhattan was full of the sacred. Catholics, Jews, and Protestants
peppered the borough with sanctuaries great and small. Manhattan
became a center of religious publishing and broadcasting and was
home to august spiritual reformers from Reinhold Niebuhr to Abraham
Heschel, Dorothy Day, and Norman Vincent Peale. A host of white
nontraditional groups met in midtown hotels, while black
worshippers gathered in Harlem’s storefront churches. Though
denied the ministry almost everywhere, women shaped the lived
religion of congregations, founded missionary societies, and, in
organizations such as the Zionist Hadassah, fused spirituality and
political activism. And after 1945, when Manhattan’s young
families rushed to New Jersey and Long Island’s booming suburbs,
they recreated the religious institutions that had shaped their
youth. God in Gotham portrays a city where people of faith engaged
modernity rather than foundered in it. Far from the world of
“disenchantment” that sociologist Max Weber bemoaned, modern
Manhattan actually birthed an urban spiritual landscape of
unparalleled breadth, suggesting that modernity enabled rather than
crippled religion in America well into the 1960s.
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