In Jerusalem, Israeli and Jordanian militias patrolled a
fortified, impassable Green Line from 1948 until 1967. In Nicosia,
two walls and a buffer zone have segregated Turkish and Greek
Cypriots since 1963. In Belfast, "peaceline" barricades have
separated working-class Catholics and Protestants since 1969. In
Beirut, civil war from 1974 until 1990 turned a cosmopolitan city
into a lethal patchwork of ethnic enclaves. In Mostar, the Croatian
and Bosniak communities have occupied two autonomous sectors since
1993. These cities were not destined for partition by their social
or political histories. They were partitioned by politicians,
citizens, and engineers according to limited information,
short-range plans, and often dubious motives. How did it happen?
How can it be avoided?"Divided Cities" explores the logic of
violent urban partition along ethnic lines--when it occurs, who
supports it, what it costs, and why seemingly healthy cities
succumb to it. Planning and conservation experts Jon Calame and
Esther Charlesworth offer a warning beacon to a growing class of
cities torn apart by ethnic rivals. Field-based investigations in
Beirut, Belfast, Jerusalem, Mostar, and Nicosia are coupled with
scholarly research to illuminate the history of urban dividing
lines, the social impacts of physical partition, and the assorted
professional responses to "self-imposed apartheid." Through
interviews with people on both sides of a divide--residents,
politicians, taxi drivers, built-environment professionals,
cultural critics, and journalists--they compare the evolution of
each urban partition along with its social impacts. The patterns
that emerge support an assertion that division is a gradual,
predictable, and avoidable occurrence that ultimately impedes
intercommunal cooperation. With the voices of divided-city
residents, updated partition maps, and previously unpublished
photographs, "Divided Cities" illuminates the enormous costs of
physical segregation.
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