MASKS AND MARIONETTES BY JOSEPH SPENCER KENNARD NEW YORK THE
MACMILLAN COMPANY 1935 Copyright, 1935, by JOSEPH SPENCER KENNARD
Set up and printed. Published May, 1935. PRINTED IN THl UNITED
STATES OF AMERICA BY THE STRATFORD PRESS, INC., NEW YORK 1I444BH
JOSEPH SPENCER KENNARD DOCTOR OF THE SORBONNE, PARIS TO 3. P. H. IN
MEMORIAM CONTENTS MASKS I. ORIGIN OF THE COMMEDIA DELUARTE . . .
The Commedia deHArte is Art and it is PsychologyIt is a theatre of
music, dance, colour and light It depicts human frail ties,
parodies human foiblesItalian Commedia delFArte is of Roman, Greek
and Etruscan origin In Italian Commedia dell Arte, dialects are
spoken, masks are used and realism and obscen ity are common I
Gelosi, the most famous of all the Commedia dellArte Companies,
arrives in Florence. II. FAMOUS PLAYERS AND FAMOUS COMPANIES ., 18
Angela Beolco, surname d Ruzzante the Joker born 1502 was an early
and famous actor in Commedia dell Arte He shared in the revival of
Italian Comedy, and its use of dialects Giancarli of Rovigo was
another actor famous in Commedia dell Arte In 1570 the Italian Art
Theatre came to Paris and there remained popular for over two
hundred years Francesco Andreini and his wife, Isabella, his son
and sons wife Florinda, Tabarino and Flaminio Scala were among the
most famous actors in Com media deirArteThe Confidenti, Accesi, and
Desiosi were among the most famous Art Theatre Companies The Com
media dellArte not only was an institution in Prance but exerted an
important influence upon English Comedy. III. COMPOSITION OF THE
DRAMATIC COMPANIES - JOYS AND SORROWS OF THE ACTORS ... 38 A
Commedia dellArte Company consisted, usually, of three women and
seven men Pant alone, Arlecchino, Pulcinella, and Brighella are
basic types Joys and sorrows of Commedia dell Arte actors Today
they live in luxury, tomorrow they are cold and hungry Pride,
scandal, jealousy and immorality of the actors Insults, decrees,
regulations and punishments are their portion. Improvised Comedy
reached its zenith about 1650. vii viii CONTENTS IV. THE PLOT-THE
SCENARIO-IMPROVISATION ZIBALDONI 46 Improvised and Studied Comedy
had many types and subjects in common The ludicrous interpolations
in a play are called lazzi Playing impromptu adds vivacity to the
acting In the Art Theatre each actor had his own commonplace-book
or Zibal done a collection of jests and speeches adapted to his
part in the play The Commedia delFArte deliberately chose the ob
scene and the absurd In the Commedia delFArte Isabella is a
coquette, the Doctor an erudite ass and crooked-nosed Pulcinella
makes absurd gestures and - funny speeches Brighella is a - fawn
ing scoundrel, a thief and liarCapitano is a coward, a bully and a
ridiculous soldier-lover Pedrolino and Pierrot are the same-He is a
cunning ruffian The Colombina soubrette is beautiful, charming and
frequently virtuous. V. FURTHER SCENARIOS AND MASKS OF THE COM
MEDIA DELUARTE 66 The Plays of Flaminio ScalaThe Dentist Actors
used their stage-names in private life Pant alone and Doctor
Graziano are the two old men of the Commedia delFArte plays
Arlecchino is a liar, swindler and sometimes thief, but he is a
most amusing character Biancolelli Dominique was perhaps the
greatest and Gherardi was another famous Arlecchino. VI. GOLDONI
AND GOZZI-DECAY AND DEATH OF THE COMMEDIA DELUARTE 76 Goldoni is
the greatest author of the Commedia dellArte His plays revealevery
aspect of lifeLe Gortesan, Colombina and Corralina are among his
most charming characters His immortal Pantalone is Goldonis
mouthpiece and the central figure in the Goldonian Comedy Carlo
Gozzi was Goldonis jealous rival His Fiabe are often vulgar
caricatures but attained popularity The Little Green Bird is Gozzis
best playGozzi f s quarrel with Goldoni, his Fiabe, his love for
Teodora Ricci and his Memoirs, sum up his life. ITALIAN MARIONETTES
I. ORIGIN OF ITALIAN MARIONETTES ......
General
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