America's interests in the Middle East, Southwest Asia, and eastern
Africa date almost to the founding of the nation. Since World War
II, the United States Navy has been the first line of defense for
these interests. From the establishment of the Middle East Force in
1949 through the beginning of the twenty-first century, the U.S.
Navy served as a force for stability and peace in the region. The
Navy's presence helped prevent regional crises from escalating into
wars, enforce international sanctions, and minimize damage done by
regional conflicts to American and allied interests. When there has
been no other alternative, the Navy has gone to war by sea, air,
and land to defend these interests. The Navy's presence also
resulted in peaceful operations such as humanitarian assistance,
maritime rescue, and military exercises with regional allies. Early
in the twenty-first century, the U.S. Naval Forces Central
Command/Fifth Fleet area of responsibility encompassed about 7.5
million square miles of the earth's surface, including the Arabian
Gulf, North Arabian Sea, Gulf of Oman, Gulf of Aden, Red Sea, and
parts of the Indian Ocean. This expanse comprised 27 countries and
three critical chokepoints at the Strait of Hormuz, the Suez Canal,
and the Bab al-Mandeb at the southern tip of Yemen. The Navy owes
its success in this region to the patriotism, professionalism,
pride, hard work, and self-sacrifice of the officers and enlisted
men and women assigned to U.S. Naval Forces Central Command/Fifth
Fleet. This is their story. This illustrated history explains why
the Navy is present in the Middle East, how long it's been in the
region, and what it's been doing there. America's interests in the
Middle East, southwest Asia, and eastern Africa date almost to the
founding of the nation. Since World War II, the Navy has been the
first line of defense for these interests. From the establishment
of the Middle East Force (MEF) in 1949 through the beginning of the
21st century, the U.S. Navy served as a force for stability and
peace in the region. The Navy's presence helped prevent regional
crises from escalating into wars, enforce international sanctions,
and minimize damage done by regional conflicts to American and
allied interests. The work concentrates on the Navy's command
relationships, roles and missions, and operations in the period
leading up to the First Gulf War, the war itself, and the wars in
Afghanistan and Iraq.
General
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