The transcripts of Joan of Arc's trial for heresy at Rouen in 1431
and the minutes of her interrogation have long been recognized as
our best source of information about the Maid of Orleans.
Historians generally view these legal texts as a precise account of
Joan's words and, by extension, her beliefs. Focusing on the
minutes recorded by clerics, however, Karen Sullivan challenges the
accuracy of the transcript. In The Interrogation of Joan of Arc,
she re-reads the record not as a perfect reflection of a historical
personality's words, but as a literary text resulting from the
collaboration between Joan and her interrogators.
Sullivan provides an illuminating and innovative account of
Joan's trial and interrogation, placing them in historical, social,
and religious context. In the fifteenth century, interrogation was
a method of truth-gathering identified not with people like Joan,
who was uneducated, but with clerics, like those who tried her.
When these clerics questioned Joan, they did so as scholastics
educated at the University of Paris, as judges and assistants to
judges, and as pastors trained in hearing confessions.
The Interrogation of Joan of Arc traces Joan's conflicts with
her interrogators not to differing political allegiances, but to
fundamental differences between clerical and lay cultures. Sullivan
demonstrates that the figure depicted in the transcripts as Joan of
Arc is a complex, multifaceted persona that results largely from
these cultural differences. Discerning and innovative, this study
suggests a powerful new interpretive model and redefines our sense
of Joan and her time.
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