An iconic symbol and sound of the Lucumi/Santeria religion,
Afro-Cuban bata are talking drums that express the epic
mythological narratives of the West African Yoruba deities known as
"orisha." By imitating aspects of speech and song, and by
metaphorically referencing salient attributes of the deities, bata
drummers facilitate the communal praising of "orisha" in a music
ritual known as a "toque de santo."
In "The Artistry of Afro-Cuban Bata Drumming," Kenneth
Schweitzer blends musical transcription, musical analysis,
interviews, ethnographic descriptions, and observations from his
own experience as a ritual drummer to highlight the complex
variables at work during a live Lucumi performance.
Integral in enabling trance possessions by the "orisha," by far
the most dramatic expressions of Lucumi faith, bata drummers are
also entrusted with controlling the overall ebb and flow of the
four- to six-hour "toque de santo." During these events, bata
drummers combine their knowledge of ritual with an extensive
repertoire of rhythms and songs. Musicians focus on the many
thematic acts that unfold both concurrently and in quick
succession. In addition to creating an emotionally charged
environment, playing salute rhythms for the "orisha," and
supporting the playful song competitions that erupt between
singers, bata drummers are equally dedicated to nurturing their own
drumming community by creating a variety of opportunities for the
musicians to grow artistically and creatively."
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