This book, a much-augmented translation of the author's original
Hungarian version, is an account of Hungary's past from the
perspective of environmental history, incorporating a wide range of
environmentally-relevant research findings. Data on climate,
agriculture, mining, hunting, urban development and political
administration are synthesised to create a rich account of a people
in the environment, and the processes of adaptation, exploitation
and co-existence required for survival. Importantly, it offers
anglophone readers access a considerable digest of important
scholarship previously only available in Hungarian. Until now,
there has been no environmental history in English of Hungary and
the wider region from which the present country crystallised. The
book covers the environmental history of Hungary prior to the
Industrial Revolution. It begins with the prehistory of the two
protagonists in this environmental story, the Carpathian Basin and
the Hungarians; and traces the transformation of the Hungarians,
under environmental, social and economic forces, from nomadic
tribes to a settled society in the Middle Ages. The environmental
developments of the later Middle Ages, a period of relative
stability, are explored before the story turns to a long era of war
with the Ottoman Empire, during which the key to survival lay in
finding adaptive forms of settlement and subsistence systems.
Finally, the book chronicles the age of reconstruction following
the Ottoman wars and the challenges posed as the country's
population more than doubled, a growth unmatched by agricultural or
industrial development. The present volumes leaves Hungary at the
dawn of the Industrial Age, a country displaying symptoms of
over-population and environmental over-exploitation.
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