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Jobs with Equality (Paperback)
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Jobs with Equality (Paperback)
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Economic and social shifts have led to rising income inequality in
the world's affluent countries. This is worrisome for reasons of
fairness and because inequality has adverse effects on other
socioeconomic goods. Redistribution can help, but government
revenues are threatened by globalization and population aging. A
way out of this impasse is for countries to increase their
employment rate. Increasing employment enlarges the tax base,
allowing tax revenues to rise without an increase in tax rates; it
also reduces welfare state costs by decreasing the amount of
government benefits going to individuals and households. The
question is: Can egalitarian institutions and policies be coupled
with employment growth? For two decades conventional wisdom has
held that the answer is no.
In Jobs with Equality, Lane Kenworthy provides a comprehensive and
systematic assessment of the experiences of rich nations since the
late 1970s. This book examines the impact on employment of six key
policies and institutions: wage levels at the low end of the labor
market, employment protection regulations, government benefit
generosity, taxes, skills, and women-friendly policies. The
analysis includes twenty countries, with a focus on Australia,
Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands,
Norway, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and the United States.
Kenworthy concludes that there is some indication of tradeoffs, but
that they tend to be small in magnitude. There is no parsimonious
set of policies and institutions that have been the key to good or
bad employment performance. Instead, there are multiple paths to
employment success. The comparative experience suggests reason for
optimismabout possibilities for a high-employment, high-equality
society.
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