Lakes Ladoga and Onego are the greatest lakes in Europe. With a
surface area of 17891 km2 and a volume of 902 km3, the former is
one of the top fifteen world s freshwater lakes and is only
slightly smaller than Lake Ontario. Lake Onego s surface area is
9600 km2 and it has a volume of 292 km3. The watershed of Lake
Ladoga (258000 km2) extends through Northwestern European Russia
and the eastern part of Finland, including the large Lakes Ilmen
and Saimaa, and together these Great European Lakes are an
important link in the Caspian-Baltic-White Sea waterway system.
Their ecological state affects the water quality of the Neva River,
the Gulf of Finland and the Baltic Sea. Thus any changes affect the
operational use, environmental protection and management of water
resources of a wide area and concern such issues as drinking,
recreation, transport and energy.
The anthropogenic impact on the Lake Onego ecosystem is mostly
determined by the sewage waters of the Petrozavodsk and Kondopoga
industrial centres, while the river inflow makes the most impact on
Lake Ladoga. Although the anthropogenic stress on the water
ecosystems of the Great European Lakes has decreased over the last
15 years, there has been some simultaneous evidence of global
warming. There is not enough current data to identify the
climate-induced changes in lake ecosystems, but there is proof that
the main cause of lacustrine ecosystem changes is determined by
anthropogenic factors.
Coupled thermohydrodynamic and ecosystem models for Lakes Ladoga
and Onego have been developed to study the contemporary situation,
to understand the main mechanisms of the ecosystem transformation,
and to learn what may happen in future under the varying
antropogenic impact and climate changes. Lake Ladoga preserves its
weak mesotrophic status while Lake Onego can be characterized as
oligotrophic. Economic growth during the last seven years has led
to the increasing anthropogenic impact on both their
ecosystems.
The Great European Lakes are attracting the increasing attention
of both researchers and end-users. This book is a synthesis of
multifaceted interdisciplinary studies conducted by a team of
experts in limnology, geography, biology, mathematical modeling and
economy. The editors, Professors Rukhovets and Filatov, are the
authors of numerous articles and books and are recognized as the
foremost experts in their fields. Professor Rukhovets has been
Director of the Institute of Economy and Mathematics in
Saint-Petersburg and head of the laboratory of mathematical
modeling since 1998 while Professor Filatov is currently Director
of the Northern Water Problems Institute in Petrozavodsk,
Russia."
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