In this comprehensive assessment of what has happened in Russia
since 1991--what has been accomplished and what so far has
failed--the author argues that the new situation in Russia cannot
be defined simply in terms of either authoritarianism or liberal
democracy. The reality is more complicated --a heterogeneous
patchwork of despotism, liberalism, populism, paternalism, and
democracy all coexisting. Russia's political life is marked by
plurality of views and actors. Opposition movements are
proliferating. On the economic front, Russia crossed the threshold
to a market economy. Strides have been made in providing guarantees
for individual liberties. Russians turn out to vote, for instance,
in numbers that put US voters to shame. These advances are
impressive. Yet Russia is still struggling desperately to evolve
from its Soviet past. New conflicts emerged that are now beginning
to act as a brake on reform. The basic problems of state-building
have yet to be resolved: defining the nation in an ethnically mixed
population, building consensus on power-sharing among federal power
and regional leaders, creating a meaningful post-superpower
international role. Shevtsova analyzes the major issues of Russian
development: the behavior of major interest groups, the emergence
of new oligarchic clans, the clashes of branches of power and what
is behind them, the real causes of Chechen war, the interaction of
stability and instability. She scrutinizes the major political
personalities who have had and continue to have an impact on
Russian developments--Gaidar, Rutzkoi, Kchasbulatov, Chernomyrdin,
Chubais. The main focus is on Yeltsin, who has managed stunning
political transformations--from communist to populist, to liberal,
democrat, and statist. Over and over, he has regained preeminence
at the very moment when even his own supporters had virtually
written him off. Much will depend on the manner, character, and
timing of his departure from the political scene--as well as on the
legacy he leaves behind.
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