The computation of the strain energy release rate and the stress
intensity factor in a fracture mechanics problem is of great
importance since they categorise and characterize the crack growth.
The work presented in this thesis concentrates on the calculation
of the strain energy release rate and the stress intensity factor
by the finite element method for general power type singularity
problems. Based on the Irwin's crack closure integral method,
strain energy release rate formulae for 3-D finite elements are
derived. Applications to embedded elliptical and semi-elliptical
surface crack are also presented. A family of 2-D finite elements
which have the capability of modelling general power type
singularity problems is developed. Those elements are useful in
modelling cracks perpendicular to a bimaterial interface and kinked
cracks where the stress singularity has a value different from 0.5.
The concept of the 2-D element has been extended to develop a 3-D
6-noded element containing a singularity, which can be used to
model a corner singularity at the crack front free surface
intersection and cracks in composite materials.
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