This study examines the question of how European minority rights
and non-discrimination standards have diffused from the
international arena into Estonia and Slovakia. The main aim is to
explore and compare the conditions for formal legal norm adoption
with the conditions for norm implementation. This thesis starts
with a critical analysis of the spiral and the external incentives
models of norm diffusion. Based on the two models this thesis
develops three diffusion dimensions - the quality of norms,
international organisations, and domestic level agents. Each
dimension integrates rationalist and constructivist concepts of
norm diffusion. It is argued that a theoretical synthesis of
rationalist and constructivist approaches best accounts for the
process of norm diffusion. Empirical data suggests that the legal
adoption of minority rights norms was crucially influenced by EU
conditionality and external incentives in combination with minority
political participation, and international socialisation. However,
the diffusion process was not completely successful. The empirical
analysis reveals significant implementation deficits. Frequent
racial discrimination towards Roma in Slovakia a
General
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