Marcel Gauchet has launched one of the most ambitious and
controversial works of speculative history recently to appear,
based on the contention that Christianity is "the religion of the
end of religion." In "The Disenchantment of the World, " Gauchet
reinterprets the development of the modern west, with all its
political and psychological complexities, in terms of mankind's
changing relation to religion. He views Western history as a
movement away from religious society, beginning with prophetic
Judaism, gaining tremendous momentum in Christianity, and
eventually leading to the rise of the political state. Gauchet's
view that monotheistic religion itself was a form of social
revolution is rich with implications for readers in fields across
the humanities and social sciences.
Life in religious society, Gauchet reminds us, involves a very
different way of being than we know in our secular age: we must
imagine prehistoric times where ever-present gods controlled every
aspect of daily reality, and where ancestor worship grounded life's
meaning in a far-off past. As prophecy-oriented religions shaped
the concept of a single omnipotent God, one removed from the world
and yet potentially knowable through prayer and reflection, human
beings became increasingly free. Gauchet's paradoxical argument is
that the development of human political and psychological autonomy
must be understood against the backdrop of this double movement in
religious consciousness--the growth of divine power and its
increasing distance from human activity.
In a fitting tribute to this passionate and brilliantly argued
book, Charles Taylor offers an equally provocative foreword.
Offering interpretations of key concepts proposed by Gauchet,
Taylor also explores an important question: Does religion have a
place in the future of Western society? The book does not close the
door on religion but rather invites us to explore its socially
constructive powers, which continue to shape Western politics and
conceptions of the state.
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