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Accounting for Growth - Information Systems and the Creation of the Large Corporation (Hardcover)
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Accounting for Growth - Information Systems and the Creation of the Large Corporation (Hardcover)
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"Accounting for Growth" is a study of information systems in
American business during the quarter-century before World War I, a
period that saw the birth of the large modern corporation as the
dominant form of American enterprise. The book takes as its
starting point the way in which the Dow Chemical Company
constructed and reconstructed its internal information systems
during years of rapid growth and technological change in the
chemical industry. The book also discusses how changes in
information systems affected Dow's organization and management, as
well as the extent of its technological innovation.
During this period, Dow transformed itself from a small,
single-product firm, which sold all its output through a national
cartel, into a technologically dynamic, vertically integrated firm
selling pharmaceutical, agricultural, and industrial chemicals
throughout the world. These organizational and strategic changes
required changes in the firm's information systems, which measured
and recorded what occurred within the firm, particularly in the
areas of monitoring and planning. Most of these changes were
incremental and were initiated by Dow's managers, who relied
heavily on the expertise of large stockholders associated with
other firms.
The book examines the impact of the accounting profession and its
new standards in cost accounting on the development of information
systems at Dow. It compares Dow's accounting practices to those of
other manufacturing firms as well as to the emerging ideas of
accountants and engineers about how information systems should be
designed. Despite urging from professional accountants, Dow
declined to include allocated overhead in its calculation of
product costs, relying instead on measures of average variable cost
except when it was making prospective investment decisions. Such
innovations changed both the information available to managers and
the incentives that followed.
These information changes encouraged Dow's master strategy of
product diversification (moving into new markets and out of some
large but less profitable ones) and vertical integration, rather
than cooperation with cartels, which controlled distribution as
well as output decisions.
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