This publication, "Risk Management - Multiservice Tactics,
Techniques, and Procedures," describes risk management functions
and responsibilities applicable to the joint task force (JTF) and
service staffs. It applies risk management planning procedures to
the military decision making process and employs the Joint
Operation Planning and Execution System (JOPES) for the operation
planning team. This publication provides a consolidated
multiservice reference addressing risk management background,
principles, and application procedures. To facilitate multiservice
interoperability, this publication identifies and explains the risk
management process and its differences and similarities as it is
applied by each service. Risk management is a process that assists
decision makers in reducing or offsetting risk (by systematically
identifying, assessing, and controlling risk arising from
operational factors) and making decisions that weigh risks against
mission benefits. Risk is an expression of a possible loss or
negative mission impact stated in terms of probability and
severity. The risk management process provides leaders and
individuals a method to assist in identifying the optimum course of
action (COA). Risk management must be fully integrated into
planning, preparation, and execution. Commanders are responsible
for the application of risk management in all military operations.
Risk management facilitates the mitigation of the risks of threats
to the force. For the purposes of this document, threat is defined
as a source of danger-any opposing force, condition, source, or
circumstance with the potential to negatively impact mission
accomplishment and/or degrade mission capability. Each of the
services uses similar but slightly different processes. This
publication provides a single process to enable warfighters from
different services to manage risk from a common perspective. Risk
management is useful in developing, deploying, and employing the
joint force. Development concerns force design, manpower
allocation, training development, and combat material developments.
Deploying and employing the joint force generates concerns in force
protection and balancing risk against resource constraints.
Military operations are inherently complex, dynamic, dangerous and,
by nature, involve the acceptance of risk. Because risk is often
related to gain, leaders weigh risk against the benefits to be
gained from an operation. The commander's judgment balances the
requirement for mission success with the inherent risks of military
operations. Leaders have always practiced risk management in
military decision making; however, the approach to risk management
and degree of success vary widely depending on the leader's level
of training and experience. Since the Korean conflict, United
States forces have suffered more losses from noncombat causes than
from enemy action. Key factors contributing to those losses
include-Rapidly changing operational environment; Fast-paced, high
operations tempo and high personnel tempo; Equipment failure,
support failure, and effects of the physical environment; Human
factors. The fundamental goal of risk management is to enhance
operational capabilities and mission accomplishment, with minimal
acceptable loss.
General
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