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Mental toughness and hardiness at different levels of football - Sports Psychology and Coaching (Paperback)
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Mental toughness and hardiness at different levels of football - Sports Psychology and Coaching (Paperback)
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Master's Thesis from the year 2011 in the subject Sport - Sport
Psychology, grade: First Class, University of Sunderland, language:
English, abstract: There has been little research into the
psychological factors affecting footballers at different levels
(Hanin et al, 2000), in particular, the mental toughness and
hardiness of footballers. The aim of the present study was to
investigate the relationship between mental toughness and hardiness
of footballers and the level of football at which they perform.
Participants - 61 footballers (mean AGE=25.23 years; range 18-40
years; SD=5.55), from various clubs and 2 levels of performance.
Mental toughness was measured using the Psychological Performance
Inventory (PPI; Loehr, 1986). Hardiness was measured using the
Personal views survey III- R (Maddi and Khoshaba 2001). Elite
footballers scored significantly higher than recreational
footballers in overall mental toughness, hardiness and each
individual subscale, (Golby & Sheard, 2004). While the present
study confirms that elite footballers have superior levels of
mental toughness and hardiness than recreational footballers,
future research might concentrate further on psychological skills
training, coping strategies and psychological preparation
strategies in a wider variation of sports specific to a wider range
of athletes, from grass roots to international level.
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