Americans rank crime among the most urgent of social concerns.
Overflowing prisons and public outcry have led many to propose that
the criminal justice system could control crime more effectively by
focusing on dangerous offenders.
Recent social studies have suggested that serious criminality is
highly concentrated and that high-rate offenders can be
distinguished from others on the basis of prior criminal conduct,
drug abuse, and employment record. Such studies urge judges to
shift from rehabilitative sentencing to selective incapacitation,
with longer prison sentences for convicted criminals who are deemed
unusually dangerous. In response to these recommendations, some
prosecutors' offices have established career criminal units
designed to assure that repeat offenders will be prosecuted to the
full measure of the law. Some police departments are experimenting
with "perpetrator-oriented patrols" targeted on suspected high-rate
offenders.
The authors of this major book in criminal jurisprudence
describe and analyze the intellectual and social challenge posed to
public officials by this new thrust in criminal justice policy.
They develop a framework for evaluating policies that focus on
dangerous offenders. They first examine the general issues that
arise as society considers the benefits and risks of concentrating
on a particular category of criminals. They then outline how that
approach might work at each stage of the criminal justice
system--sentencing, pretrial detention, prosecution, and
investigation.
This cogently argued book provides much needed guidance on the
crucial questions of whether sharpened attention to dangerous
offenders is just, whether such a policy can be effective in
managing the problem of crime, which applications seem particularly
valuable, what the long-term risks to social institutions are, and
what uncertainties must be monitored and resolved as the policy
evolves.
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