"Kokugaku," or nativism, was one of the most important intellectual
movements from the seventeenth through the nineteenth century in
Japan, and its worldview continues to be influential today. This
scholarly endeavor represented an attempt to use Japanese antiquity
to revitalize what many saw as a society in decline. One important
figure in this movement was Hirata Atsutane (1776-1843), a center
of controversy in his own lifetime. Even though Atsutane's version
of nativism came to be the standard form, many modern scholars
dismiss him because of his scholarly shortcomings.
The primary goal of this book is to restore historicity to the
study of nativism by recognizing Atsutane's role in the creation
and perpetuation of an intellectual tradition that remains a
significant part of Japanese history and culture. Arguing that
conflict among scholars and intellectuals begets ideas, Mark
McNally shows that nativism was rife with internal competition. The
mid-nineteenth-century suppression of this multiplicity of views
led to the emergence of what we now think of as "nativism." By
focusing on the competition among the rival strands of nativism,
McNally demonstrates that nativism resulted not from Atsutane's
conscious attempt to formulate a new intellectual tradition but
from his greater political skills at putting his views across.
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