The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency was created to protect
public health and the environment. EPA has traditionally emphasized
its regulatory mission over its scientific mission, yet for
environmental policy to be credible with the public and
policymakers, it must be perceived to have a sound basis in
science. Science at EPA is a frank, provocative evaluation of the
agency's acquisition and use of science in regulatory
decision-making. It analyzes the institutions, players, politics,
and challenges involved in this crucial but problematic endeavor.
Controversy surrounds many EPA regulations. Critics, from
corners as different as Science magazine and Rush Limbaugh, contend
that increasing costs outweigh diminishing benefits. In this
volume, Mark Powell provides the most comprehensive examination
available on the acquisition and use of science in environmental
regulation. How is the science designed and executed? What steps
does EPA take to ensure that useful science is available when
regulatory decisions arise? And how is science communicated and
used in rulemaking? Powell describes the key obstacles to the
practical, efficient, and effective acquisition and application of
science. They include large scientific uncertainties, increasing
workloads, time constraints, short-term political demands, and
EPA's staff patterns and legalistic culture.
Powell discusses the wide-ranging sources of EPA's scientific
information. He reveals the structure and roles of bodies such as
the Science Advisory Board and EPA's Office of Research and
Development. He includes detailed case studies that trace and
evaluate the use of science in eight EPA decisions, involving each
of the majorstatutory programs. Drawing on extensive research and
personal interviews with many of the people involved, Powell maps
the origins, flow, and impact of scientific information in these
decisions.
Powell's description of the environment-and-science regime
examines a critically important policy apparatus. Science at EPA
includes an overall evaluation of the agency's acquisition and use
of science and makes specific policy proposals for the agency to
improve in this area. The net result is an essential contribution
for practitioners, scholars and students, and citizens determined
to protect our environment rationally and effectively.
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