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Can Animals Be Moral? (Paperback)
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Can Animals Be Moral? (Paperback)
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From eye-witness accounts of elephants apparently mourning the
death of family members to an experiment that showed that hungry
rhesus monkeys would not take food if doing so gave another monkey
an electric shock, there is much evidence of animals displaying
what seem to be moral feelings. But despite such suggestive
evidence, philosophers steadfastly deny that animals can act
morally, and for reasons that virtually everyone has found
convincing. In Can Animals be Moral?, philosopher Mark Rowlands
examines the reasoning of philosophers and scientists on this
question-ranging from Aristotle and Kant to Hume and Darwin-and
reveals that their arguments fall far short of compelling. The
basic argument against moral behavior in animals is that humans
have capabilities that animals lack. We can reflect on our
motivations, formulate abstract principles that allow that allow us
to judge right from wrong. For an actor to be moral, he or she must
be able scrutinize their motivations and actions. No animal can do
these things-no animal is moral. Rowland naturally agrees that
humans possess a moral consciousness that no animal can rival, but
he argues that it is not necessary for an individual to have the
ability to reflect on his or her motives to be moral. Animals can't
do all that we can do, but they can act on the basis of some moral
reasons-basic moral reasons involving concern for others. And when
they do this, they are doing just what we do when we act on the
basis of these reasons: They are acting morally.
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