Theories of social justice are necessarily abstract, reaching
beyond the particular and the immediate to the general and the
timeless. Yet such theories, addressing the world and its problems,
must respond to the real and changing dilemmas of the day. A
brilliant work of practical philosophy, "Frontiers of Justice" is
dedicated to this proposition. Taking up three urgent problems of
social justice neglected by current theories and thus harder to
tackle in practical terms and everyday life, Martha Nussbaum seeks
a theory of social justice that can guide us to a richer, more
responsive approach to social cooperation.
The idea of the social contract--especially as developed in the
work of John Rawls--is one of the most powerful approaches to
social justice in the Western tradition. But as Nussbaum
demonstrates, even Rawls's theory, suggesting a contract for mutual
advantage among approximate equals, cannot address questions of
social justice posed by unequal parties. How, for instance, can we
extend the equal rights of citizenship--education, health care,
political rights and liberties--to those with physical and mental
disabilities? How can we extend justice and dignified life
conditions to all citizens of the world? And how, finally, can we
bring our treatment of nonhuman animals into our notions of social
justice? Exploring the limitations of the social contract in these
three areas, Nussbaum devises an alternative theory based on the
idea of "capabilities." She helps us to think more clearly about
the purposes of political cooperation and the nature of political
principles--and to look to a future of greater justice for all.
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