This book provides a state-of-the-art review and critical
evaluation of research into 'flashbulb' memories. The opening
chapters explore the 'encoding' view of flashbulb memory formation
and critically appraise a number of lines of research that have
opposed this view. It is concluded that this research does not
provide convincing evidence for the rejection of the encoding view.
Subsequent chapters review and appraise more recent work which has
generally found in favour of the flashbulb concept. But this
research too, does not provide unequivocal support for the encoding
view of flashbulb memory formation. Evidence from clinical studies
of flashbulb memories, particularly in post-traumatic stress
disorder and related emotional disturbances, is then considered.
The clinical studies provide the most striking evidence of
flashbulb memories and strongly suggest that these arise in
response to intense affective experiences. Neurobiological models
of memory formation are briefly reviewed and one view suggesting
that there may be multiple routes to memory formation is explored
in detail. From this research it seems possible that there could be
a specific route for the formation of detailed and durable memories
associated with emotional experiences. In the final chapter a
cognitive account of flashbulb memories is outlined. This account
is centred on recent plan-based theories of emotion and proposes
that flashbulb memories arise in responses to disruptions of
personal and cultural plans. This chapter also considers the wider
functions of flashbulb memories and their potential role in the
formation of generational identity.
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