In the view of Dr. Martin Sicker, it was with the emergence of
Islam that the combination of geopolitics and religion reached its
most volatile form and provided the ideological context for war and
peace in the Middle East for more than a millennium. The conflation
of geopolitics and religion in Islam is predicated on the concept
of "jihad" (struggle), which may be understood as a "crescentade,"
in the same sense as the later Christian "crusade," which seeks to
achieve a religious goal, the conversion of the world to Islam, by
militant means. This equates to a concept of perpetual war with the
non-Muslim world, a concept that underlays Muslim geopolitical
thinking throughout the thousand-year period covered in this book.
However, as Sicker amply demonstrates, the concept often bore
little relation to the political realities of the region that as
often as not saw Muslims and non-Muslims aligned against and at war
with other Muslims.
The story of the emergence and phenomenal ascendancy of the
Islamic world from a relatively small tribe in sparsely populated
Arabia is one that taxes the imagination, but it becomes more
comprehensible when viewed through a geopolitical prism. Religion
was repeatedly and often shamelessly harnessed to geopolitical
purpose by both Muslims and Christians, albeit with arguably
greater Muslim success. Islamic ascendancy began as an Arab
project, initially focused on the Arabian peninsula, but was soon
transformed into an imperialist movement with expansive ambitions.
As it grew, it quickly registered highly impressive gains, but soon
lost much of its Arab content. It ended a millennium later as a
Turkish--more specifically, an Ottoman--project with many
intermediate transformations. The reverberations of the
thousand-year history of that ascendancy are still felt today in
many parts of the greater Middle East. A comprehensive geopolitical
survey for scholars, students, researchers, and all others
interested in the history of the Middle East and Islam.
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