First published in 1986 Mary Douglas' theory of institutions uses
the sociological theories of Emile Durkheim and Ludwig Fleck to
determine not only how institutions think, but also the extent to
which thinking itself is dependent upon institutions. Different
kinds of institutions allow individuals to think different kinds of
thoughts and to respond to different emotions. It is just as
difficult to explain how individuals come to share the categories
of their thought as to explain how they ever manage to sink their
private interests for a common good. Douglas forewarns us that
institutions do not think independently, nor do they have purposes,
nor do they build themselves. As we construct our institutions, we
are squeezing each other's ideas into a common shape in order to
prove their legitimacy by sheer numbers. She admonishes us not to
take comfort in the thought that primitives may think through
institutions, but moderns decide on important issues individually.
Our legitimated institutions make major decisions, and these
decisions always involve ethical principles.
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