The relationship between welfare and racial inequality has long
been understood as a fight between liberal and conservative forces.
Mary Poole challenges this basic assumption. Meticulously
reconstructing the behind-the-scenes politicking that gave birth to
the 1935 Social Security Act, Poole demonstrates that segregation
was built into the very foundation of the welfare state because
white policy makers - both liberal and conservative - shared an
interest in preserving white race privilege. Although northern
white liberals were theoretically sympathetic to the plight of
African Americans, Poole says, their primary aim was to save the
American economy by salvaging the pride of America's ""essential""
white male industrial workers. The liberal framers of the Social
Security Act elevated the status of Unemployment Insurance and
Social Security - and the white workers they were designed to serve
- by differentiating them from welfare programs, which served black
workers. Revising the standard story of the racialized politics of
Roosevelt's New Deal, Poole's arguments also reshape our
understanding of the role of public policy in race relations in the
twentieth century, laying bare the assumptions that must be
challenged if we hope to put an end to racial inequality in the
twenty-first.
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