Why do some democracies reflect their citizens' foreign policy
preferences better than others? What roles do the media, political
parties, and the electoral system play in a democracy's decision to
join or avoid a war? War and Democratic Constraint shows that the
key to how a government determines foreign policy rests on the
transmission and availability of information. Citizens successfully
hold their democratic governments accountable and a distinctive
foreign policy emerges when two vital institutions--a diverse and
independent political opposition and a robust media--are present to
make timely information accessible. Matthew Baum and Philip Potter
demonstrate that there must first be a politically potent
opposition that can blow the whistle when a leader missteps. This
counteracts leaders' incentives to obscure and misrepresent.
Second, healthy media institutions must be in place and widely
accessible in order to relay information from whistle-blowers to
the public. Baum and Potter explore this communication mechanism
during three different phases of international conflicts: when
states initiate wars, when they respond to challenges from other
states, or when they join preexisting groups of actors engaged in
conflicts. Examining recent wars, including those in Afghanistan
and Iraq, War and Democratic Constraint links domestic politics and
mass media to international relations in a brand-new way.
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